We live in challenging and intellectually interesting times, especially in sport. Controversy at the Paris Olympics began on August 1, 2024, when Italian boxer, Angela Carini, after taking two blows to the head and fearing a broken nose, gave up after 46 seconds against her
The International Association of Athletics Federations (the IAAF) issued new DSD (Differences in Sexual Development) Regulations in April 2018. They govern eight races from distances of 400 metres to one mile and exclusively cover female athletes with "46 XY DSD", that is, women like Caster
On 30 April 2019, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) delivered an Award on the challenges brought by Caster Semenya and Athletics South Africa (ASA) to the validity of the International Association of Athletics Federations’ (IAAF) eligibility regulations on athletes with “differences of sexual